Xiaoming Zhai

Search results

• 2025

  A high-resolution temperature-salinity dataset observed by autonomous underwater vehicles for the evolution of mesoscale eddies and associated submesoscale processes in South China Sea

  Qiu, C., Du, Z., Tang, H., Yi, Z., Qiao, J., Wang, D., Zhai, X. & Wang, W., 3 Jul 2025, In: Earth System Science Data. 17, 7, p. 3189–3202 14 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

• Improved theoretical estimates of the zonal propagation of global nonlinear mesoscale eddies

  Liu, R., Wang, Y., Zhai, X., Balwada, D. & Mak, J., Jun 2025, In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans. 130, 6, e2025JC022518.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

• Strong long-lived Kuroshio-shed anticyclonic eddies and their re-intensification in the northern South China Sea

  Wang, X., Du, Y., Zhai, X., Zhang, Y. & Wang, M., 16 Jun 2025, (Accepted/In press) In: Journal of Physical Oceanography.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
• 2024

  Enhanced generation of internal tides under global warming

  Yang, Z., Jing, Z., Zhai, X., Vic, C., Sun, H., de Lavergne, C. & Yuan, M., 3 Sept 2024, In: Nature Communications. 15, 7657.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  4 Downloads (Pure)

• Zonal jets and eddy tilts in barotropic geostrophic turbulence

  Senior, N. V., Zhai, X. & Stevens, D. P., 10 May 2024, In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 986, A38.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  1 Citation (Scopus)

  9 Downloads (Pure)
• 2023

  Constraining an eddy energy dissipation rate due to relative wind stress for use in energy budget-based eddy parameterisations

  Wilder, T., Zhai, X., Munday, D. R. & Joshi, M., 30 Nov 2023, In: Ocean Science. 19, 6, p. 1669–1686 18 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  1 Citation (Scopus)

  8 Downloads (Pure)

• Distribution and trend of wind power input to near-inertial motions in the Southern Ocean

  Qian, J., Zhai, X., Wang, Z. & Jochum, M., 28 Sept 2023, In: Geophysical Research Letters. 50, 18, e2023GL105411.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  16 Downloads (Pure)

• Energy sinks for lee waves in the northern South China Sea

  Yang, Z., Jing, Z. & Zhai, X., Jan 2023, In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans. 128, 1, e2022JC019060.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  2 Citations (Scopus)

  19 Downloads (Pure)

• Full-depth eddy kinetic energy in the global ocean estimated from altimeter and Argo observations

  Ni, Q., Zhai, X., LaCasce, J. H., Chen, D. & Marshall, D. P., 16 Aug 2023, In: Geophysical Research Letters. 50, 15, e2023GL103114.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  5 Citations (Scopus)

  20 Downloads (Pure)

• Generation of cold anticyclonic eddies and warm cyclonic eddies in the tropical oceans

  Ni, Q., Zhai, X., Yang, Z. & Chen, D., Jun 2023, In: Journal of Physical Oceanography. 53, 6, p. 1485–1498 14 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  10 Citations (Scopus)

  20 Downloads (Pure)

• Greenhouse warming reduces global energy conversion into oceanic lee waves

  Yang, Z., Jing, Z. & Zhai, X., 28 Aug 2023, In: Geophysical Research Letters. 50, 16, e2023GL104467.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  1 Citation (Scopus)

  12 Downloads (Pure)

• The impact of stochastic mesoscale weather systems on the Atlantic Ocean

  Zhou, S., Renfrew, I. A. & Zhai, X., 1 Feb 2023, In: Journal of Climate. 36, 3, p. 791–804 14 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  1 Citation (Scopus)

  16 Downloads (Pure)

• The role of small-scale topography in modulating eddy scale in the northern South China Sea

  Yang, Z., Jing, Z. & Zhai, X., Mar 2023, In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans. 128, 3, e2022JC019524.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  2 Citations (Scopus)

  6 Downloads (Pure)
• 2022

  Diagnostics of coherent eddy transport in the South China Sea based on satellite observations

  Liu, T., He, Y., Zhai, X. & Liu, X., 1 Apr 2022, In: Remote Sensing. 14, 7, 1690.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  4 Citations (Scopus)

  40 Downloads (Pure)

• Eddy-induced meridional transport variability at ocean western boundary

  Zhai, X. & Yang, Z., Mar 2022, In: Ocean Modelling. 171, 101960.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  2 Citations (Scopus)

  13 Downloads (Pure)

• Effect of small-scale topography on eddy dissipation in the Northern South China Sea

  Yang, Z., Jing, Z. & Zhai, X., 1 Oct 2022, In: Journal of Physical Oceanography. 52, 10, p. 2397–2416 20 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  7 Citations (Scopus)

  9 Downloads (Pure)

• Spatial and seasonal variations of near-inertial kinetic energy in the upper South China Sea: Role of synoptic atmospheric systems

  Li, J., Zhai, X., Liu, J., Yan, T., He, Y., Chen, Z. & Cai, S., Nov 2022, In: Progress in Oceanography. 208, 102899.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  2 Citations (Scopus)

  6 Downloads (Pure)

• The response of a baroclinic anticyclonic eddy to relative wind stress forcing

  Wilder, T., Zhai, X., Munday, D. R. & Joshi, M., Sept 2022, In: Journal of Physical Oceanography. 52, 9, p. 2129-2142 14 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  6 Citations (Scopus)

  25 Downloads (Pure)
• 2021

  Abundant cold anticyclonic eddies and warm cyclonic eddies in the global ocean

  Ni, Q., Zhai, X., Jiang, X. & Chen, D., 1 Sept 2021, In: Journal of Physical Oceanography. 51, 9, p. 2793–2806 14 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  32 Citations (SciVal)

  17 Downloads (Pure)

• An idealised model study of eddy energetics in the western boundary 'graveyard'

  Yang, Z., Zhai, X., Marshall, D. P. & Wang, G., 1 Apr 2021, In: Journal of Physical Oceanography. 51, 4, p. 1265–1282 18 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  12 Downloads (Pure)

• Relative vs. absolute wind stress in a circumpolar model of the Southern Ocean

  Munday, D. R., Zhai, X., Harle, J., Coward, A. & Nurser, A. J. G., Dec 2021, In: Ocean Modelling. 168, 101891.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  6 Citations (Scopus)

  14 Downloads (Pure)

• Submesoscale eddies in the South China Sea

  Ni, Q., Zhai, X., Wilson, C., Chen, C. & Chen, D., 28 Mar 2021, In: Geophysical Research Letters. 48, 6, e2020GL091555.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  26 Citations (SciVal)

  41 Downloads (Pure)

• The response of the Nordic Seas to wintertime sea-ice retreat

  Wu, Y., Stevens, D. P., Renfrew, I. A. & Zhai, X., 1 Aug 2021, In: Journal of Climate. 34, 15, p. 6041–6056 16 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  6 Citations (Scopus)

  19 Downloads (Pure)
• 2020

  Random movement of mesoscale eddies in the global ocean

  Ni, Q., Zhai, X., Wang, G. & Marshall, D., 6 Aug 2020, In: Journal of Physical Oceanography. 50, 8, p. 2341–2357 17 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  30 Citations (SciVal)

  16 Downloads (Pure)

• Southern Ocean wind stress in CMIP5 models: Role of wind fluctuations

  Lin, X., Zhai, X., Wang, Z. & Munday, D., 15 Feb 2020, In: Journal of Climate. 33, 4, p. 1209-1226 18 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  7 Citations (Scopus)

  32 Downloads (Pure)

• Widespread mesoscale dipoles in the global ocean

  Ni, Q., Zhai, X., Wang, G. & Hughes, C. W., Oct 2020, In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 125, 10, e2020JC016479.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  33 Citations (SciVal)

  89 Downloads (Pure)
• 2018

  Mean, variability and trend of Southern Ocean wind stress: Role of wind fluctuations

  Lin, X., Zhai, X., Wang, Z. & Munday, D. R., May 2018, In: Journal of Climate. 31, 9, p. 3557–3573 17 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  41 Citations (SciVal)

  36 Downloads (Pure)

• The impact of high-frequency weather systems on SST and surface mixed layer in the Central Arabian Sea

  Zhou, S., Zhai, X. & Renfrew, I., Feb 2018, In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans. 123, 2, p. 1091-1104 14 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  14 Citations (Scopus)

  25 Downloads (Pure)
• 2017

  Decadal-mean impact of including ocean surface currents in bulk formulas on surface air-sea fluxes and ocean general circulation

  Wu, Y., Zhai, X. & Wang, Z., Dec 2017, In: Journal of Climate. 30, 23, p. 9511–9525 15 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  15 Citations (Scopus)

  12 Downloads (Pure)

• Dependence of energy flux from the wind to surface inertial currents on the scale of atmospheric motions

  Zhai, X., Nov 2017, In: Journal of Physical Oceanography. 47, 11, p. 2711–2719 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  14 Citations (Scopus)

  20 Downloads (Pure)

• Observed cold filaments associated with mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea

  Li, J., Wang, G. & Zhai, X., Jan 2017, In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans. 122, 1, p. 762–770

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  17 Citations (Scopus)

  12 Downloads (Pure)

• The annual cycle of surface eddy kinetic energy and its influence on eddy momentum fluxes as inferred from altimeter data

  Zhai, X., 19 Oct 2017, In: Satellite Oceanography and Meteorology. 2, 2, 299.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  25 Downloads (Pure)

• The impact of atmospheric storminess on the sensitivity of Southern Ocean circulation to wind stress changes

  Munday, D. R. & Zhai, X., Jul 2017, In: Ocean Modelling. 115, p. 14–26

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  12 Citations (Scopus)

  15 Downloads (Pure)
• 2016

  Impact of synoptic atmospheric forcing on the mean ocean circulation

  Wu, Y., Zhai, X. & Wang, Z., Aug 2016, In: Journal of Climate. 29, 16, p. 5709–5724 16 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  28 Citations (SciVal)

  16 Downloads (Pure)

• Work done by atmospheric winds on mesoscale ocean eddies

  Xu, C., Zhai, X. & Shang, X-D., 16 Dec 2016, In: Geophysical Research Letters. 43, 23, p. 12174–12180 7 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  54 Citations (SciVal)

  10 Downloads (Pure)
• 2015

  Interannual variability of wind power input to near-inertial motions in the North Atlantic

  Dippe, T., Zhai, X., Greatbatch, R. J. & Rath, W., 2015, In: Ocean Dynamics. 65, 6, p. 859-875 17 p., ODYN-D-14-00146.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  15 Citations (SciVal)

  22 Downloads (Pure)

• Latitudinal dependence of wind-induced near-inertial energy

  Zhai, X., Dec 2015, In: Journal of Physical Oceanography. 45, 12, p. 3025–3032 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  11 Citations (Scopus)

  13 Downloads (Pure)

• Sensitivity of Southern Ocean circulation to wind stress changes: Role of relative wind stress

  Munday, D. & Zhai, X., Nov 2015, In: Ocean Modelling. 95, p. 15–24 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File
  19 Citations (Scopus)

  14 Downloads (Pure)
• 2014

  A simple model of the response of the Atlantic to the North Atlantic Oscillation

  Zhai, X., Johnson, H. L. & Marshall, D. P., 1 Jun 2014, In: Journal of Climate. 27, 11, p. 4052-4069 18 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  22 Citations (Scopus)

• On the spatial and temporal distribution of near-inertial energy in the Southern Ocean

  Rath, W., Greatbatch, R. J. & Zhai, X., Jan 2014, In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans. 119, 1, p. 359-376 18 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  16 Citations (Scopus)

• Sensitivity of Southern Ocean overturning to wind stress changes: Role of surface restoring time scales

  Zhai, X. & Munday, D., Dec 2014, In: Ocean Modelling. 84, p. 12-25 14 p., OCEMOD_920.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  File
  7 Citations (Scopus)

  15 Downloads (Pure)
• 2013

  Eddy-induced variability of the meridional overturning circulation in a model of the North Atlantic

  Thomas, M. & Zhai, X., 16 Jun 2013, In: Geophysical Research Letters. 40, 11, p. 2742-2747 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  23 Citations (Scopus)

• Modulation of eddy kinetic energy, temperature variance, and eddy heat fluxes by surface buoyancy forcing

  Munday, D. R. & Zhai, X., 1 Feb 2013, In: Ocean Modelling. 62, p. 27-38 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  2 Citations (Scopus)

• On the variability of wind power input to the oceans with a focus on the subpolar North Atlantic

  Zhai, X. & Wunsch, C., 1 Jun 2013, In: Journal of Climate. 26, 11, p. 3892-3903 12 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  13 Citations (Scopus)

• On the wind mechanical forcing of the ocean general circulation

  Zhai, X., 5 Dec 2013, In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans. 118, 12, p. 6561-6577 17 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  15 Citations (Scopus)

• Reduction of near-inertial energy through the dependence of wind stress on the ocean-surface velocity

  Rath, W., Greatbatch, R. J. & Zhai, X., Jun 2013, In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans. 118, 6, p. 2761-2773 13 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  22 Citations (Scopus)

• Rossby rip currents

  Marshall, D. P., Vogel, B. & Zhai, X., 28 Aug 2013, In: Geophysical Research Letters. 40, 16, p. 4333-4337 5 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  9 Citations (Scopus)

• Vertical eddy energy fluxes in the North Atlantic subtropical and subpolar gyres

  Zhai, X. & Marshall, D. P., 1 Jan 2013, In: Journal of Physical Oceanography. 43, 1, p. 95-103 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  44 Citations (Scopus)
• 2012

  On the North Atlantic Ocean heat content change between 1955-70 and 1980-95

  Zhai, X. & Sheldon, L., 1 May 2012, In: Journal of Climate. 25, 10, p. 3619-3628 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  15 Citations (Scopus)

• On the wind power input to the ocean general circulation

  Zhai, X., Johnson, H. L., Marshall, D. P. & Wunsch, C., 1 Aug 2012, In: Journal of Physical Oceanography. 42, 8, p. 1357-1365 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  94 Citations (Scopus)