A decade of Campylobacter and Campylobacter bacteraemias in a district general hospital and the surrounding London and South East region, England

Background: Campylobacter bacteraemia is a rare complication of the most common bacterial gastrointestinal infection but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is limited data describing current trends in surveillance and antimicrobial resistance for the Campylobacter strains involved. At the Epsom and St Helier's University Hospital (ESTH), we noted a marked increase in Campylobacter bacteraemia infections in 2021. Methods: We extracted Campylobacter reports using the UK Health Security Agency's (UKHSA) Second Generation Surveillance System (laboratory reporting system) between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2021. We reviewed patient records of patients with Campylobacter bacteraemia for details including presentation, past medical history, duration of hospital stay, and antibiotic use. Results: Between 2012 and 2021, ESTH reported a total of 34 cases of Campylobacter bacteraemia. In 2021, the estimated incidence was 6.8 cases per 100,000 population and in the surrounding area, the incidence was 0.4 per 100,000 population. The incidence rate of Campylobacter bacteraemia in London and the South East region was significantly lower than ESTH (RR = 0.17, p < 0.0001). Campylobacter bacteraemia cases at ESTH reported a high number of co-morbidities (average number of comorbidities = 2.3) and had a duration of stay in hospital of a median of 7 days (IQR = 4–10 days). Campylobacter jejuni was the most commonly reported species for stool and blood Campylobacter in ESTH, London, and South East England. Conclusion: Campylobacter bacteraemia reports at ESTH were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than the surrounding London and South East region. While no common cause for the exceedance of Campylobacter bacteraemia has been identified, common risk factors for Campylobacter bacteraemia infection include underlying health conditions, being older, and male.