A reservation-based hybrid electric vehicle energy supply system via direct and asynchronous vehicle-to-vehicle charging modes

Electric vehicles, powered by environmentally-friendly electricity, are rapidly emerging as a sustainable alternative to traditional fuel vehicles. However, challenges like range anxiety, stemming from their limited range and prolonged charging times, hinder their widespread adoption. Traditional plug-in charging, limited by rigid charging station deployments, often fails to address the dynamic needs of drivers. To solve this, a novel direct vehicle-to-vehicle charging approach via parking locations has been introduced. In this setup, vehicles act both as energy consumers and providers, forming dynamic peer-to-peer charging pairs. While the direct vehicle-to-vehicle mode is flexible, its effectiveness is curtailed by its inherently low charging power. To remedy this, this paper proposes an asynchronous vehicle-to-vehicle charging scheme via power-storage stations, which are equipped with high-capacity batteries and robust converters. Moreover, this paper proposes a reservation-based hybrid vehicle-to-vehicle charging scheme that integrates both charging modes. Using a real-time reservation system, it can precisely forecast occupancy at parking locations and power-storage stations, ensuring optimal charging by employing the shortest finish time strategy. Simulations validate the efficacy of the proposed scheme, highlighting significant improvements in reducing waiting times and increasing the number of fully charged vehicles compared to existing methods, while buffering energy and shifting service away from demand peaks to support peak shaving and improved asset utilization.