Cardiovascular disease as part of Long COVID: A systematic review

Vasiliki Tsampasian; Maria Bäck; Marco Bernardi; Elena Cavarretta; Maciej Dębski; Sabiha Gati; Dominique Hansen; Nicolle Kränkel; Konstantinos C. Koskinas; Josef Niebauer; Luigi Spadafora; Manuel Frias Vargas; Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai; Vassilios S. Vassiliou

doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae070

Cardiovascular disease as part of Long COVID: A systematic review

Vasiliki Tsampasian, Maria Bäck, Marco Bernardi, Elena Cavarretta, Maciej Dębski, Sabiha Gati, Dominique Hansen, Nicolle Kränkel, Konstantinos C. Koskinas, Josef Niebauer, Luigi Spadafora, Manuel Frias Vargas, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Vassilios S. Vassiliou

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Abstract

Aims: Long COVID syndrome has had a major impact on million patients’ lives worldwide. The cardiovascular system is an important aspect of this multifaceted disease that may manifest in many ways. We have hereby performed a narrative review in order to identify the extent of the cardiovascular manifestations of the Long COVID syndrome.

Methods and results: An in-depth systematic search of the literature has been conducted for this narrative review. The systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane databases yielded 3993 articles, of which 629 underwent full-text screening. A total of 78 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis and data evaluation. The pathophysiology of the cardiovascular sequelae of Long COVID syndrome and the cardiac manifestations and complications of Long COVID syndrome are critically evaluated. In addition, potential cardiovascular risk factors are assessed, and preventive methods and treatment options are examined in this review.

Conclusion: This systematic review poignantly summarizes the evidence from the available literature regarding the cardiovascular manifestations of Long COVID syndrome and reviews potential mechanistic pathways, diagnostic approaches, preventive measures, and treatment options.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	485–498
Number of pages	14
Journal	European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
Volume	32
Issue number	6
Early online date	21 Feb 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwae070
Publication status	Published - Apr 2025

Keywords

Cardiac long COVID
Cardiovascular disease
Long COVID
Post COVID-19 condition
SARS-COV-2

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Tsampasian, V., Bäck, M., Bernardi, M., Cavarretta, E., Dębski, M., Gati, S., Hansen, D., Kränkel, N., Koskinas, K. C., Niebauer, J., Spadafora, L., Frias Vargas, M., Biondi-Zoccai, G., & Vassiliou, V. S. (2025). Cardiovascular disease as part of Long COVID: A systematic review. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 32(6), 485–498. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwae070

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title = "Cardiovascular disease as part of Long COVID: A systematic review",

abstract = "Aims: Long COVID syndrome has had a major impact on million patients{\textquoteright} lives worldwide. The cardiovascular system is an important aspect of this multifaceted disease that may manifest in many ways. We have hereby performed a narrative review in order to identify the extent of the cardiovascular manifestations of the Long COVID syndrome. Methods and results: An in-depth systematic search of the literature has been conducted for this narrative review. The systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane databases yielded 3993 articles, of which 629 underwent full-text screening. A total of 78 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis and data evaluation. The pathophysiology of the cardiovascular sequelae of Long COVID syndrome and the cardiac manifestations and complications of Long COVID syndrome are critically evaluated. In addition, potential cardiovascular risk factors are assessed, and preventive methods and treatment options are examined in this review. Conclusion: This systematic review poignantly summarizes the evidence from the available literature regarding the cardiovascular manifestations of Long COVID syndrome and reviews potential mechanistic pathways, diagnostic approaches, preventive measures, and treatment options.",

keywords = "Cardiac long COVID, Cardiovascular disease, Long COVID, Post COVID-19 condition, SARS-COV-2",

author = "Vasiliki Tsampasian and Maria B{\"a}ck and Marco Bernardi and Elena Cavarretta and Maciej D{\c e}bski and Sabiha Gati and Dominique Hansen and Nicolle Kr{\"a}nkel and Koskinas, {Konstantinos C.} and Josef Niebauer and Luigi Spadafora and {Frias Vargas}, Manuel and Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai and Vassiliou, {Vassilios S.}",

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doi = "10.1093/eurjpc/zwae070",

language = "English",

volume = "32",

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Tsampasian, V, Bäck, M, Bernardi, M, Cavarretta, E, Dębski, M, Gati, S, Hansen, D, Kränkel, N, Koskinas, KC, Niebauer, J, Spadafora, L, Frias Vargas, M, Biondi-Zoccai, G & Vassiliou, VS 2025, 'Cardiovascular disease as part of Long COVID: A systematic review', European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 485–498. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwae070

TY - JOUR

T1 - Cardiovascular disease as part of Long COVID: A systematic review

AU - Tsampasian, Vasiliki

AU - Bäck, Maria

AU - Bernardi, Marco

AU - Cavarretta, Elena

AU - Dębski, Maciej

AU - Gati, Sabiha

AU - Hansen, Dominique

AU - Kränkel, Nicolle

AU - Koskinas, Konstantinos C.

AU - Niebauer, Josef

AU - Spadafora, Luigi

AU - Frias Vargas, Manuel

AU - Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe

AU - Vassiliou, Vassilios S.

PY - 2025/4

Y1 - 2025/4

N2 - Aims: Long COVID syndrome has had a major impact on million patients’ lives worldwide. The cardiovascular system is an important aspect of this multifaceted disease that may manifest in many ways. We have hereby performed a narrative review in order to identify the extent of the cardiovascular manifestations of the Long COVID syndrome. Methods and results: An in-depth systematic search of the literature has been conducted for this narrative review. The systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane databases yielded 3993 articles, of which 629 underwent full-text screening. A total of 78 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis and data evaluation. The pathophysiology of the cardiovascular sequelae of Long COVID syndrome and the cardiac manifestations and complications of Long COVID syndrome are critically evaluated. In addition, potential cardiovascular risk factors are assessed, and preventive methods and treatment options are examined in this review. Conclusion: This systematic review poignantly summarizes the evidence from the available literature regarding the cardiovascular manifestations of Long COVID syndrome and reviews potential mechanistic pathways, diagnostic approaches, preventive measures, and treatment options.

AB - Aims: Long COVID syndrome has had a major impact on million patients’ lives worldwide. The cardiovascular system is an important aspect of this multifaceted disease that may manifest in many ways. We have hereby performed a narrative review in order to identify the extent of the cardiovascular manifestations of the Long COVID syndrome. Methods and results: An in-depth systematic search of the literature has been conducted for this narrative review. The systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane databases yielded 3993 articles, of which 629 underwent full-text screening. A total of 78 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis and data evaluation. The pathophysiology of the cardiovascular sequelae of Long COVID syndrome and the cardiac manifestations and complications of Long COVID syndrome are critically evaluated. In addition, potential cardiovascular risk factors are assessed, and preventive methods and treatment options are examined in this review. Conclusion: This systematic review poignantly summarizes the evidence from the available literature regarding the cardiovascular manifestations of Long COVID syndrome and reviews potential mechanistic pathways, diagnostic approaches, preventive measures, and treatment options.

KW - Cardiac long COVID

KW - Cardiovascular disease

KW - Long COVID

KW - Post COVID-19 condition

KW - SARS-COV-2

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DO - 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae070

M3 - Article

SN - 2047-4873

VL - 32

SP - 485

EP - 498

JO - European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

JF - European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

IS - 6

ER -

Cardiovascular disease as part of Long COVID: A systematic review

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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