Castrate-resistant prostate cancer: the future of antiandrogens

Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in North American and European men and the second leading cause of male cancer-related death [1]. The lifetime probability of developing prostate cancer in the UK is 14% [1] and in 2010 there were there were 40,975 new cases, accounting for 10,721 deaths [2]. Prostate cancer is associated with many risk factors, including age, family history, ethnicity, diet, and weight and although it is estimated that not more than 5% of all prostate cancer cases are hereditary, family history is appropriately considered a relevant risk factor. Many genetic changes have been associated with prostate cancer, including mutations in P53, P21, and P73 and tumour suppressor genes [3].