TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical translation of three-dimensional scar, diffusion tensor imaging, four-dimensional flow, and quantitative perfusion in cardiac MRI: A comprehensive review
AU - Paddock, Sophie
AU - Tsampasian, Vasiliki
AU - Assadi, Hosamadin
AU - Mota, Bruno Calife
AU - Swift, Andrew J.
AU - Chowdhary, Amrit
AU - Swoboda, Peter
AU - Levelt, Eylem
AU - Sammut, Eva
AU - Dastidar, Amardeep
AU - Broncano Cabrero, Jordi
AU - Del Val, Javier Royuela
AU - Malcolm, Paul
AU - Sun, Julia
AU - Ryding, Alisdair
AU - Sawh, Chris
AU - Greenwood, Richard
AU - Hewson, David
AU - Vassiliou, Vassilios
AU - Garg, Pankaj
N1 - Funding Information: This work was funded in part by the Wellcome Trust [215799/Z/19/Z] and [205188/Z/16/Z]. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
PY - 2021/7/7
Y1 - 2021/7/7
N2 - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a versatile tool that has established itself as the reference method for functional assessment and tissue characterisation. CMR helps to diagnose, monitor disease course and sub-phenotype disease states. Several emerging CMR methods have the potential to offer a personalised medicine approach to treatment. CMR tissue characterisation is used to assess myocardial oedema, inflammation or thrombus in various disease conditions. CMR derived scar maps have the potential to inform ablation therapy—both in atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Quantitative CMR is pushing boundaries with motion corrections in tissue characterisation and first-pass perfusion. Advanced tissue characterisation by imaging the myocardial fibre orientation using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), has also demonstrated novel insights in patients with cardiomyopathies. Enhanced flow assessment using four-dimensional flow (4D flow) CMR, where time is the fourth dimension, allows quantification of transvalvular flow to a high degree of accuracy for all four-valves within the same cardiac cycle. This review discusses these emerging methods and others in detail and gives the reader a foresight of how CMR will evolve into a powerful clinical tool in offering a precision medicine approach to treatment, diagnosis, and detection of disease.
AB - Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a versatile tool that has established itself as the reference method for functional assessment and tissue characterisation. CMR helps to diagnose, monitor disease course and sub-phenotype disease states. Several emerging CMR methods have the potential to offer a personalised medicine approach to treatment. CMR tissue characterisation is used to assess myocardial oedema, inflammation or thrombus in various disease conditions. CMR derived scar maps have the potential to inform ablation therapy—both in atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Quantitative CMR is pushing boundaries with motion corrections in tissue characterisation and first-pass perfusion. Advanced tissue characterisation by imaging the myocardial fibre orientation using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), has also demonstrated novel insights in patients with cardiomyopathies. Enhanced flow assessment using four-dimensional flow (4D flow) CMR, where time is the fourth dimension, allows quantification of transvalvular flow to a high degree of accuracy for all four-valves within the same cardiac cycle. This review discusses these emerging methods and others in detail and gives the reader a foresight of how CMR will evolve into a powerful clinical tool in offering a precision medicine approach to treatment, diagnosis, and detection of disease.
KW - cardiovascular magnetic resonance
KW - diffusion tensor imaging
KW - four-dimensional flow imaging
KW - myocardial fibrosis
KW - tissue characterisation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126746342&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682027
DO - 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682027
M3 - Review article
SN - 2297-055X
VL - 8
JO - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
JF - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
M1 - 682027
ER -