CUBAN, a case study of selective binding: Structural details of the discrimination between ubiquitin and NEDD8

The newly identified CUBAN (Cullin binding domain associating with NEDD8) domain recognizes both ubiquitin and the ubiquitin-like NEDD8. Despite the high similarity between the two molecules, CUBAN shows a clear preference for NEDD8, free and conjugated to cullins. We previously characterized the domain structure, both alone and in complex with NEDD8. The results here reported are addressed to investigate the determinants that drive the selective binding of CUBAN towards NEDD8 and ubiquitin. The 15N HSQC NMR perturbation pattern of the labeled CUBAN domain, when combined with either NEDD8 or ubiquitin, shows a clear involvement of hydrophobic residues that characterize the early stages of these interactions. After a slow conformational selection step, hydrophobic and then neutral and polar interactions take place, which drive the correct orientation of the CUBAN domain, leading to differences in the recognition scheme of NEDD8 and ubiquitin. As a result, a cascade of induced fit steps seems to determine the structural preference shown for NEDD8 and therefore the basis of the selectivity of the CUBAN domain. Finally, molecular dynamics analysis was performed to determine by fluctuations the internal flexibility of the CUBAN/NEDD8 complex. We consider that our results, based on a structural investigation mainly focused on the early stages of the recognition, provide a fruitful opportunity to report the different behavior of the same protein with two highly similar binding partners.