Current methods of teaching listening and underlying ideas: A review of literature

In this article, I report on a review of the literature aimed at identifying methods of teaching listening that music teachers (kindergarten to Higher Education) currently use in the classroom. The article also highlights the ideas undergirding the teaching methods. Examples of methods used include attentive, engaged, and enactive listening; focused listening and focused musical listening; cross-media listening, distracted listening and process listening. Examples of ideas supporting the methods include connecting listening to actions and activities; technology and research; and students’ out-of-school listening activity.