Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection

Catherine J. Reynolds; Leo Swadling; Joseph M. Gibbons; Corinna Pade; Melanie P. Jensen; Mariana O. Diniz; Nathalie M. Schmidt; David K. Butler; Oliver E. Amin; Sasha N. L. Bailey; Sam M. Murray; Franziska P. Pieper; Stephen Taylor; Jessica Jones; Meleri Jones; Wing-Yiu Jason Lee; Joshua Rosenheim; Aneesh Chandran; George Joy; Cecilia Di Genova; Nigel Temperton; Jonathan Lambourne; Teresa Cutino-Moguel; Mervyn Andiapen; Marianna Fontana; Angelique Smit; Amanda Semper; Ben O’Brien; Benjamin Chain; Tim Brooks; Charlotte Manisty; Thomas Treibel; James C. Moon; COVIDsortium Investigators; Mahdad Noursadeghi; COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network; Daniel M. Altmann; Mala K. Maini; Áine McKnight; Rosemary J. Boyton

doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abf3698

Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection

Catherine J. Reynolds, Leo Swadling, Joseph M. Gibbons, Corinna Pade, Melanie P. Jensen, Mariana O. Diniz, Nathalie M. Schmidt, David K. Butler, Oliver E. Amin, Sasha N. L. Bailey, Sam M. Murray, Franziska P. Pieper, Stephen Taylor, Jessica Jones, Meleri Jones, Wing-Yiu Jason Lee, Joshua Rosenheim, Aneesh Chandran, George Joy, Cecilia Di GenovaNigel Temperton, Jonathan Lambourne, Teresa Cutino-Moguel, Mervyn Andiapen, Marianna Fontana, Angelique Smit, Amanda Semper, Ben O’Brien, Benjamin Chain, Tim Brooks, Charlotte Manisty, Thomas Treibel, James C. Moon, COVIDsortium Investigators, Mahdad Noursadeghi, COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network, Daniel M. Altmann, Mala K. Maini, Áine McKnight, Rosemary J. Boyton

Norwich Medical School

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Understanding the nature of immunity following mild/asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We analyzed T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in 136 healthcare workers (HCW) 16-18 weeks after United Kingdom lockdown, 76 of whom had mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection captured by serial sampling. Neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were present in 89% of previously infected HCW. T cell responses tended to be lower following asymptomatic infection than in those reporting case-definition symptoms of COVID-19, while nAb titers were maintained irrespective of symptoms. T cell and antibody responses were sometimes discordant. Eleven percent lacked nAb and had undetectable T cell responses to spike protein but had T cells reactive with other SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Our findings suggest that the majority of individuals with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection carry nAb complemented by multispecific T cell responses at 16-18 weeks after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Original language	English
Journal	Science Immunology
Volume	5
Issue number	54
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abf3698
Publication status	Published - 18 Dec 2020

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Reynolds, C. J., Swadling, L., Gibbons, J. M., Pade, C., Jensen, M. P., Diniz, M. O., Schmidt, N. M., Butler, D. K., Amin, O. E., Bailey, S. N. L., Murray, S. M., Pieper, F. P., Taylor, S., Jones, J., Jones, M., Lee, W.-Y. J., Rosenheim, J., Chandran, A., Joy, G., ... Boyton, R. J. (2020). Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Science Immunology, 5(54). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abf3698

@article{2f283981266842e2ad737bcb6593e968,

title = "Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection",

abstract = "Understanding the nature of immunity following mild/asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We analyzed T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in 136 healthcare workers (HCW) 16-18 weeks after United Kingdom lockdown, 76 of whom had mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection captured by serial sampling. Neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were present in 89% of previously infected HCW. T cell responses tended to be lower following asymptomatic infection than in those reporting case-definition symptoms of COVID-19, while nAb titers were maintained irrespective of symptoms. T cell and antibody responses were sometimes discordant. Eleven percent lacked nAb and had undetectable T cell responses to spike protein but had T cells reactive with other SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Our findings suggest that the majority of individuals with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection carry nAb complemented by multispecific T cell responses at 16-18 weeks after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.",

author = "Reynolds, {Catherine J.} and Leo Swadling and Gibbons, {Joseph M.} and Corinna Pade and Jensen, {Melanie P.} and Diniz, {Mariana O.} and Schmidt, {Nathalie M.} and Butler, {David K.} and Amin, {Oliver E.} and Bailey, {Sasha N. L.} and Murray, {Sam M.} and Pieper, {Franziska P.} and Stephen Taylor and Jessica Jones and Meleri Jones and Lee, {Wing-Yiu Jason} and Joshua Rosenheim and Aneesh Chandran and George Joy and {Di Genova}, Cecilia and Nigel Temperton and Jonathan Lambourne and Teresa Cutino-Moguel and Mervyn Andiapen and Marianna Fontana and Angelique Smit and Amanda Semper and Ben O{\textquoteright}Brien and Benjamin Chain and Tim Brooks and Charlotte Manisty and Thomas Treibel and Moon, {James C.} and {COVIDsortium Investigators} and Mahdad Noursadeghi and {COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network} and Altmann, {Daniel M.} and Maini, {Mala K.} and {\'A}ine McKnight and Boyton, {Rosemary J.} and Hickling, {Lauren M.}",

year = "2020",

month = dec,

day = "18",

doi = "10.1126/sciimmunol.abf3698",

language = "English",

volume = "5",

journal = "Science Immunology",

issn = "2470-9468",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

number = "54",

}

Reynolds, CJ, Swadling, L, Gibbons, JM, Pade, C, Jensen, MP, Diniz, MO, Schmidt, NM, Butler, DK, Amin, OE, Bailey, SNL, Murray, SM, Pieper, FP, Taylor, S, Jones, J, Jones, M, Lee, W-YJ, Rosenheim, J, Chandran, A, Joy, G, Di Genova, C, Temperton, N, Lambourne, J, Cutino-Moguel, T, Andiapen, M, Fontana, M, Smit, A, Semper, A, O’Brien, B, Chain, B, Brooks, T, Manisty, C, Treibel, T, Moon, JC, COVIDsortium Investigators, Noursadeghi, M, COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network, Altmann, DM, Maini, MK, McKnight, Á & Boyton, RJ 2020, 'Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection', Science Immunology, vol. 5, no. 54. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abf3698

TY - JOUR

T1 - Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection

AU - Reynolds, Catherine J.

AU - Swadling, Leo

AU - Gibbons, Joseph M.

AU - Pade, Corinna

AU - Jensen, Melanie P.

AU - Diniz, Mariana O.

AU - Schmidt, Nathalie M.

AU - Butler, David K.

AU - Amin, Oliver E.

AU - Bailey, Sasha N. L.

AU - Murray, Sam M.

AU - Pieper, Franziska P.

AU - Taylor, Stephen

AU - Jones, Jessica

AU - Jones, Meleri

AU - Lee, Wing-Yiu Jason

AU - Rosenheim, Joshua

AU - Chandran, Aneesh

AU - Joy, George

AU - Di Genova, Cecilia

AU - Temperton, Nigel

AU - Lambourne, Jonathan

AU - Cutino-Moguel, Teresa

AU - Andiapen, Mervyn

AU - Fontana, Marianna

AU - Smit, Angelique

AU - Semper, Amanda

AU - O’Brien, Ben

AU - Chain, Benjamin

AU - Brooks, Tim

AU - Manisty, Charlotte

AU - Treibel, Thomas

AU - Moon, James C.

AU - COVIDsortium Investigators

AU - Noursadeghi, Mahdad

AU - COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network

AU - Altmann, Daniel M.

AU - Maini, Mala K.

AU - McKnight, Áine

AU - Boyton, Rosemary J.

AU - Hickling, Lauren M.

PY - 2020/12/18

Y1 - 2020/12/18

N2 - Understanding the nature of immunity following mild/asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We analyzed T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in 136 healthcare workers (HCW) 16-18 weeks after United Kingdom lockdown, 76 of whom had mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection captured by serial sampling. Neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were present in 89% of previously infected HCW. T cell responses tended to be lower following asymptomatic infection than in those reporting case-definition symptoms of COVID-19, while nAb titers were maintained irrespective of symptoms. T cell and antibody responses were sometimes discordant. Eleven percent lacked nAb and had undetectable T cell responses to spike protein but had T cells reactive with other SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Our findings suggest that the majority of individuals with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection carry nAb complemented by multispecific T cell responses at 16-18 weeks after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

AB - Understanding the nature of immunity following mild/asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We analyzed T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in 136 healthcare workers (HCW) 16-18 weeks after United Kingdom lockdown, 76 of whom had mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection captured by serial sampling. Neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were present in 89% of previously infected HCW. T cell responses tended to be lower following asymptomatic infection than in those reporting case-definition symptoms of COVID-19, while nAb titers were maintained irrespective of symptoms. T cell and antibody responses were sometimes discordant. Eleven percent lacked nAb and had undetectable T cell responses to spike protein but had T cells reactive with other SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Our findings suggest that the majority of individuals with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection carry nAb complemented by multispecific T cell responses at 16-18 weeks after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099074025&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf3698

DO - 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf3698

M3 - Article

SN - 2470-9468

VL - 5

JO - Science Immunology

JF - Science Immunology

IS - 54

ER -

Discordant neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection

Abstract

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