Examining reciprocal relationships between job demands, job resources, and recovery opportunities

The aim of this study was to explore longitudinal relationships between job demands, job resources, and recovery opportunities. On the basis of the Job-Demands Resources Model and Conservation of Resources Theory, we hypothesized that job demands, job resources, and recovery opportunities would be reciprocal over time. The sample was composed of 502 employees from a chemical processing company, and we used a one-year time lag. Results of structural equation modeling analyses supported our hypotheses. Specifically, it was found that T1 workload was negatively related and autonomy positively related to T2 recovery opportunities. Additionally, T1 recovery opportunities had a negative effect on T2 workload and positive effects on autonomy. Overall, the findings suggest the presence of positive and negative spiral between job demands, job resources, and recovery opportunities.