TY - JOUR
T1 - Geographic comparison of plant genera used in frugivory among the pitheciids Cacajao, Callicebus, Chiropotes, and Pithecia
AU - Boyle, Sarah A.
AU - Thompson, Cynthia L.
AU - Deluycker, Anneke
AU - Alvarez, Silvia J.
AU - Alvim, Thiago H G
AU - Aquino, Rolando
AU - Bezerra, Bruna M.
AU - Boubli, Jean P.
AU - Bowler, Mark
AU - Caselli, Christini Barbosa
AU - Chagas, Renata R D
AU - Ferrari, Stephen F.
AU - Fontes, Isadora P.
AU - Gregory, Tremaine
AU - Haugaasen, Torbjørn
AU - Heiduck, Stefanie
AU - Hores, Rose
AU - Lehman, Shawn
AU - de Melo, Fabiano R.
AU - Moreira, Leandro S.
AU - Moura, Viviane S.
AU - Nagy-Reis, Mariana B.
AU - Palacios, Erwin
AU - Palminteri, Suzanne
AU - Peres, Carlos A.
AU - Pinto, Liliam
AU - Port-Carvalho, Marcio
AU - Rodríguez, Adriana
AU - dos Santos, Ricardo R.
AU - Setz, Eleonore Z F
AU - Shaffer, Christopher A.
AU - Silva, Felipe Ennes
AU - Soares da Silva, Rafaela F.
AU - Souza-Alves, João P.
AU - Trevelin, Leonardo C.
AU - Veiga, Liza M.
AU - Vieira, Tatiana M.
AU - Dubose, Mary E.
AU - Barnett, Adrian A.
N1 -
© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2016/5
Y1 - 2016/5
N2 - Pitheciids are known for their frugivorous diets, but there has been no broad-scale comparison of fruit genera used by these primates that range across five geographic regions in South America. We compiled 31 fruit lists from data collected from 18 species (three Cacajao, six Callicebus, five Chiropotes, and four Pithecia) at 26 study sites in six countries. Together, these lists contained 455 plant genera from 96 families. We predicted that 1) closely related Chiropotes and Cacajao would demonstrate the greatest similarity in fruit lists; 2) pitheciids living in closer geographic proximity would have greater similarities in fruit lists; and 3) fruit genus richness would be lower in lists from forest fragments than continuous forests. Fruit genus richness was greatest for the composite Chiropotes list, even though Pithecia had the greatest overall sampling effort. We also found that the Callicebus composite fruit list had lower similarity scores in comparison with the composite food lists of the other three genera (both within and between geographic areas). Chiropotes and Pithecia showed strongest similarities in fruit lists, followed by sister taxa Chiropotes and Cacajao. Overall, pitheciids in closer proximity had more similarities in their fruit list, and this pattern was evident in the fruit lists for both Callicebus and Chiropotes. There was no difference in the number of fruit genera used by pitheciids in habitat fragments and continuous forest. Our findings demonstrate that pitheciids use a variety of fruit genera, but phylogenetic and geographic patterns in fruit use are not consistent across all pitheciid genera. This study represents the most extensive examination of pitheciid fruit consumption to date, but future research is needed to investigate the extent to which the trends in fruit genus richness noted here are attributable to habitat differences among study sites, differences in feeding ecology, or a combination of both.
AB - Pitheciids are known for their frugivorous diets, but there has been no broad-scale comparison of fruit genera used by these primates that range across five geographic regions in South America. We compiled 31 fruit lists from data collected from 18 species (three Cacajao, six Callicebus, five Chiropotes, and four Pithecia) at 26 study sites in six countries. Together, these lists contained 455 plant genera from 96 families. We predicted that 1) closely related Chiropotes and Cacajao would demonstrate the greatest similarity in fruit lists; 2) pitheciids living in closer geographic proximity would have greater similarities in fruit lists; and 3) fruit genus richness would be lower in lists from forest fragments than continuous forests. Fruit genus richness was greatest for the composite Chiropotes list, even though Pithecia had the greatest overall sampling effort. We also found that the Callicebus composite fruit list had lower similarity scores in comparison with the composite food lists of the other three genera (both within and between geographic areas). Chiropotes and Pithecia showed strongest similarities in fruit lists, followed by sister taxa Chiropotes and Cacajao. Overall, pitheciids in closer proximity had more similarities in their fruit list, and this pattern was evident in the fruit lists for both Callicebus and Chiropotes. There was no difference in the number of fruit genera used by pitheciids in habitat fragments and continuous forest. Our findings demonstrate that pitheciids use a variety of fruit genera, but phylogenetic and geographic patterns in fruit use are not consistent across all pitheciid genera. This study represents the most extensive examination of pitheciid fruit consumption to date, but future research is needed to investigate the extent to which the trends in fruit genus richness noted here are attributable to habitat differences among study sites, differences in feeding ecology, or a combination of both.
KW - Bearded saki
KW - Diet
KW - Saki
KW - Titi
KW - Uacari
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84930328045&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ajp.22422
DO - 10.1002/ajp.22422
M3 - Article
C2 - 26031411
AN - SCOPUS:84930328045
VL - 78
SP - 493
EP - 506
JO - American Journal of Primatology
JF - American Journal of Primatology
SN - 0275-2565
IS - 5
ER -