Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Samira Raoofi; Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan; Sima Rafiei; Zahra Hosseinipalangi; Zahra Noorani Mejareh; Saghar Khani; Bahare Abdollahi; Fatemeh Seyghalani Talab; Mohaddeseh Sanaei; Farnaz Zarabi; Yasamin Dolati; Niloofar Ahmadi; Neda Raoofi; Yasamin Sarhadi; Maryam Masoumi; Batool sadat Hosseini; Negin Vali; Negin Gholamali; Saba Asadi; Saba Ahmadi; Behrooz Ahmadi; Zahra Beiramy Chomalu; Elnaz Asadollahi; Mona Rajabi; Dorsa Gharagozloo; Zahra Nejatifar; Rana Soheylirad; Shabnam Jalali; Farnaz Aghajani; Mobina Navidriahy; Sama Deylami; Mahmoud Nasiri; Mahsa Zareei; Zahra Golmohammadi; Hamideh Shabani; Fatemeh Torabi; Hosein Shabaninejad; Ali Nemati; Mohammad Amerzadeh; Aidin Aryankhesal; Ahmad Ghashghaee

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0274248

Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Samira Raoofi, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Sima Rafiei, Zahra Hosseinipalangi, Zahra Noorani Mejareh, Saghar Khani, Bahare Abdollahi, Fatemeh Seyghalani Talab, Mohaddeseh Sanaei, Farnaz Zarabi, Yasamin Dolati, Niloofar Ahmadi, Neda Raoofi, Yasamin Sarhadi, Maryam Masoumi, Batool sadat Hosseini, Negin Vali, Negin Gholamali, Saba Asadi, Saba AhmadiBehrooz Ahmadi, Zahra Beiramy Chomalu, Elnaz Asadollahi, Mona Rajabi, Dorsa Gharagozloo, Zahra Nejatifar, Rana Soheylirad, Shabnam Jalali, Farnaz Aghajani, Mobina Navidriahy, Sama Deylami, Mahmoud Nasiri, Mahsa Zareei, Zahra Golmohammadi, Hamideh Shabani, Fatemeh Torabi, Hosein Shabaninejad, Ali Nemati, Mohammad Amerzadeh, Aidin Aryankhesal, Ahmad Ghashghaee

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Abstract

Objectives: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are significant problems as public health issues which need attention. Such infections are significant problems for society and healthcare organizations. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and a meta-analysis to analyze the prevalence of HAIs globally.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science between 2000 and June 2021. We found 7031 articles. After removing the duplicates, 5430 studies were screened based on the titles/abstracts. Then, we systematically evaluated the full texts of the 1909 remaining studies and selected 400 records with 29,159,630 participants for meta-analysis. Random-effects model was used for the analysis, and heterogeneity analysis and publication bias test were conducted.

Results: The rate of universal HAIs was 0.14 percent. The rate of HAIs is increasing by 0.06 percent annually. The highest rate of HAIs was in the AFR, while the lowest prevalence were in AMR and WPR. Besides, AFR prevalence in central Africa is higher than in other parts of the world by 0.27 (95% CI, 0.22-0.34). Besides, E. coli infected patients more than other micro-organisms such as Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In hospital wards, Transplant, and Neonatal wards and ICU had the highest rates. The prevalence of HAIs was higher in men than in women.

Conclusion: We identified several essential details about the rate of HAIs in various parts of the world. The HAIs rate and the most common micro-organism were different in various contexts. However, several essential gaps were also identified. The study findings can help hospital managers and health policy makers identify the reason for HAIs and apply effective control programs to implement different plans to reduce the HAIs rate and the financial costs of such infections and save resources.

Original language	English
Article number	e0274248
Journal	PLoS One
Volume	18
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274248
Publication status	Published - 27 Jan 2023

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journal.pone.0274248Final published version, 1.54 MBLicence: CC BY

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Raoofi, S., Kan, F. P., Rafiei, S., Hosseinipalangi, Z., Mejareh, Z. N., Khani, S., Abdollahi, B., Talab, F. S., Sanaei, M., Zarabi, F., Dolati, Y., Ahmadi, N., Raoofi, N., Sarhadi, Y., Masoumi, M., Hosseini, B. S., Vali, N., Gholamali, N., Asadi, S., ... Ghashghaee, A. (2023). Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 18(1), [e0274248]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274248

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title = "Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis",

abstract = "Objectives: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are significant problems as public health issues which need attention. Such infections are significant problems for society and healthcare organizations. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and a meta-analysis to analyze the prevalence of HAIs globally. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science between 2000 and June 2021. We found 7031 articles. After removing the duplicates, 5430 studies were screened based on the titles/abstracts. Then, we systematically evaluated the full texts of the 1909 remaining studies and selected 400 records with 29,159,630 participants for meta-analysis. Random-effects model was used for the analysis, and heterogeneity analysis and publication bias test were conducted. Results: The rate of universal HAIs was 0.14 percent. The rate of HAIs is increasing by 0.06 percent annually. The highest rate of HAIs was in the AFR, while the lowest prevalence were in AMR and WPR. Besides, AFR prevalence in central Africa is higher than in other parts of the world by 0.27 (95% CI, 0.22-0.34). Besides, E. coli infected patients more than other micro-organisms such as Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In hospital wards, Transplant, and Neonatal wards and ICU had the highest rates. The prevalence of HAIs was higher in men than in women. Conclusion: We identified several essential details about the rate of HAIs in various parts of the world. The HAIs rate and the most common micro-organism were different in various contexts. However, several essential gaps were also identified. The study findings can help hospital managers and health policy makers identify the reason for HAIs and apply effective control programs to implement different plans to reduce the HAIs rate and the financial costs of such infections and save resources.",

author = "Samira Raoofi and Kan, {Fatemeh Pashazadeh} and Sima Rafiei and Zahra Hosseinipalangi and Mejareh, {Zahra Noorani} and Saghar Khani and Bahare Abdollahi and Talab, {Fatemeh Seyghalani} and Mohaddeseh Sanaei and Farnaz Zarabi and Yasamin Dolati and Niloofar Ahmadi and Neda Raoofi and Yasamin Sarhadi and Maryam Masoumi and Hosseini, {Batool sadat} and Negin Vali and Negin Gholamali and Saba Asadi and Saba Ahmadi and Behrooz Ahmadi and Chomalu, {Zahra Beiramy} and Elnaz Asadollahi and Mona Rajabi and Dorsa Gharagozloo and Zahra Nejatifar and Rana Soheylirad and Shabnam Jalali and Farnaz Aghajani and Mobina Navidriahy and Sama Deylami and Mahmoud Nasiri and Mahsa Zareei and Zahra Golmohammadi and Hamideh Shabani and Fatemeh Torabi and Hosein Shabaninejad and Ali Nemati and Mohammad Amerzadeh and Aidin Aryankhesal and Ahmad Ghashghaee",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0274248",

language = "English",

volume = "18",

journal = "PLoS One",

issn = "1932-6203",

publisher = "Public Library of Science",

number = "1",

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Raoofi, S, Kan, FP, Rafiei, S, Hosseinipalangi, Z, Mejareh, ZN, Khani, S, Abdollahi, B, Talab, FS, Sanaei, M, Zarabi, F, Dolati, Y, Ahmadi, N, Raoofi, N, Sarhadi, Y, Masoumi, M, Hosseini, BS, Vali, N, Gholamali, N, Asadi, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmadi, B, Chomalu, ZB, Asadollahi, E, Rajabi, M, Gharagozloo, D, Nejatifar, Z, Soheylirad, R, Jalali, S, Aghajani, F, Navidriahy, M, Deylami, S, Nasiri, M, Zareei, M, Golmohammadi, Z, Shabani, H, Torabi, F, Shabaninejad, H, Nemati, A, Amerzadeh, M, Aryankhesal, A & Ghashghaee, A 2023, 'Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis', PLoS One, vol. 18, no. 1, e0274248. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274248

TY - JOUR

T1 - Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AU - Raoofi, Samira

AU - Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh

AU - Rafiei, Sima

AU - Hosseinipalangi, Zahra

AU - Mejareh, Zahra Noorani

AU - Khani, Saghar

AU - Abdollahi, Bahare

AU - Talab, Fatemeh Seyghalani

AU - Sanaei, Mohaddeseh

AU - Zarabi, Farnaz

AU - Dolati, Yasamin

AU - Ahmadi, Niloofar

AU - Raoofi, Neda

AU - Sarhadi, Yasamin

AU - Masoumi, Maryam

AU - Hosseini, Batool sadat

AU - Vali, Negin

AU - Gholamali, Negin

AU - Asadi, Saba

AU - Ahmadi, Saba

AU - Ahmadi, Behrooz

AU - Chomalu, Zahra Beiramy

AU - Asadollahi, Elnaz

AU - Rajabi, Mona

AU - Gharagozloo, Dorsa

AU - Nejatifar, Zahra

AU - Soheylirad, Rana

AU - Jalali, Shabnam

AU - Aghajani, Farnaz

AU - Navidriahy, Mobina

AU - Deylami, Sama

AU - Nasiri, Mahmoud

AU - Zareei, Mahsa

AU - Golmohammadi, Zahra

AU - Shabani, Hamideh

AU - Torabi, Fatemeh

AU - Shabaninejad, Hosein

AU - Nemati, Ali

AU - Amerzadeh, Mohammad

AU - Aryankhesal, Aidin

AU - Ghashghaee, Ahmad

PY - 2023/1/27

Y1 - 2023/1/27

N2 - Objectives: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are significant problems as public health issues which need attention. Such infections are significant problems for society and healthcare organizations. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and a meta-analysis to analyze the prevalence of HAIs globally. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science between 2000 and June 2021. We found 7031 articles. After removing the duplicates, 5430 studies were screened based on the titles/abstracts. Then, we systematically evaluated the full texts of the 1909 remaining studies and selected 400 records with 29,159,630 participants for meta-analysis. Random-effects model was used for the analysis, and heterogeneity analysis and publication bias test were conducted. Results: The rate of universal HAIs was 0.14 percent. The rate of HAIs is increasing by 0.06 percent annually. The highest rate of HAIs was in the AFR, while the lowest prevalence were in AMR and WPR. Besides, AFR prevalence in central Africa is higher than in other parts of the world by 0.27 (95% CI, 0.22-0.34). Besides, E. coli infected patients more than other micro-organisms such as Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In hospital wards, Transplant, and Neonatal wards and ICU had the highest rates. The prevalence of HAIs was higher in men than in women. Conclusion: We identified several essential details about the rate of HAIs in various parts of the world. The HAIs rate and the most common micro-organism were different in various contexts. However, several essential gaps were also identified. The study findings can help hospital managers and health policy makers identify the reason for HAIs and apply effective control programs to implement different plans to reduce the HAIs rate and the financial costs of such infections and save resources.

AB - Objectives: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are significant problems as public health issues which need attention. Such infections are significant problems for society and healthcare organizations. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and a meta-analysis to analyze the prevalence of HAIs globally. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science between 2000 and June 2021. We found 7031 articles. After removing the duplicates, 5430 studies were screened based on the titles/abstracts. Then, we systematically evaluated the full texts of the 1909 remaining studies and selected 400 records with 29,159,630 participants for meta-analysis. Random-effects model was used for the analysis, and heterogeneity analysis and publication bias test were conducted. Results: The rate of universal HAIs was 0.14 percent. The rate of HAIs is increasing by 0.06 percent annually. The highest rate of HAIs was in the AFR, while the lowest prevalence were in AMR and WPR. Besides, AFR prevalence in central Africa is higher than in other parts of the world by 0.27 (95% CI, 0.22-0.34). Besides, E. coli infected patients more than other micro-organisms such as Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In hospital wards, Transplant, and Neonatal wards and ICU had the highest rates. The prevalence of HAIs was higher in men than in women. Conclusion: We identified several essential details about the rate of HAIs in various parts of the world. The HAIs rate and the most common micro-organism were different in various contexts. However, several essential gaps were also identified. The study findings can help hospital managers and health policy makers identify the reason for HAIs and apply effective control programs to implement different plans to reduce the HAIs rate and the financial costs of such infections and save resources.

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U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0274248

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0274248

M3 - Article

C2 - 36706112

AN - SCOPUS:85146970086

VL - 18

JO - PLoS One

JF - PLoS One

SN - 1932-6203

IS - 1

M1 - e0274248

ER -

Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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