TY - JOUR
T1 - How to win a tug-of-war: the adaptive evolution of Phytophthora effectors
AU - Dong, Suomeng
AU - Ma, Wenbo
N1 - Funding Information:
Authors would like to thank Kangping Li (Nanjing Agricultural University) for assistance in organizing the literature. Research on Phytophthora effectors in the W.M. group has been supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant IOS-1758889 , USDA-NIFA award # 2018-67014-28488, and the Gatsby Charitable Foundation . S.D. has been supported by grants from the Chinese National Science Fund ( 31972252 , 31721004 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - The ‘zigzag’ model formulates some of the fundamental principles underpinning the dynamic interactions between pathogen effectors and plant immunity. As key virulence factors, effectors often exhibit a pattern of rapid evolution, presumably as a result of the host-pathogen arms race. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of mechanisms that may accelerate effector evolution in the highly successful Phytophthora pathogens. Recent findings on epigenetic regulation of effector genes that allows evasion of host recognition and maintenance of cost/benefit balance, and a conserved structural unit in effector proteins that may promote the evolution of virulence activities are highlighted.
AB - The ‘zigzag’ model formulates some of the fundamental principles underpinning the dynamic interactions between pathogen effectors and plant immunity. As key virulence factors, effectors often exhibit a pattern of rapid evolution, presumably as a result of the host-pathogen arms race. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of mechanisms that may accelerate effector evolution in the highly successful Phytophthora pathogens. Recent findings on epigenetic regulation of effector genes that allows evasion of host recognition and maintenance of cost/benefit balance, and a conserved structural unit in effector proteins that may promote the evolution of virulence activities are highlighted.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101958337&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102027
DO - 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102027
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33684881
AN - SCOPUS:85101958337
VL - 62
JO - Current Opinion in Plant Biology
JF - Current Opinion in Plant Biology
SN - 1369-5266
M1 - 102027
ER -