Recommended terms and abbreviations for polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) as the predominant component of chlorinated paraffins (CPs)

Alwyn R. Fernandes; Kerstin Krätschmer; Thomas J. McGrath; Bo Yuan; Sicco Brandsma; Marthinus Brits; Ronan Cariou; Robert J. Letcher; Jochen Mueller; Derek Muir; Walter Vetter; Thanh Wang; Gang Yu; Åke Bergman

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2023.117363

Recommended terms and abbreviations for polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) as the predominant component of chlorinated paraffins (CPs)

Alwyn R. Fernandes, Kerstin Krätschmer, Thomas J. McGrath, Bo Yuan, Sicco Brandsma, Marthinus Brits, Ronan Cariou, Robert J. Letcher, Jochen Mueller, Derek Muir, Walter Vetter, Thanh Wang, Gang Yu, Åke Bergman

School of Environmental Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

14 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Despite several decades of study, ambiguities persist in terms used to express environmental and biotic occurrences of polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs), the main ingredient of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). This can lead to misinterpretation of data between analytical chemists, toxicologists, risk assessors/managers and regulators. The terms recommended here to harmonise reporting and reduce ambiguity use the conventional definition of PCAs - linear chlorinated alkanes (typically, C≥10) with one chlorine per carbon, although some evidence of multiple chlorination exists. Other recommendations include.

● reporting the “Sum of measured PCAs” because “Total PCAs” is currently unquantifiable.

● reporting individual chain lengths, e.g., ΣPCAs-C11, ΣPCAs-C13, allows easier comparability and allows toxicology and risk assessment to consider different PCA combinations.

● maintain studies on individual PCAs in order to better characterise chemical, environmental and health risk behaviour.

The terms could be extended in future to assimilate new findings on individual PCAs, multiple chlorination and chirality.

Original language	English
Article number	117363
Journal	TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry
Volume	169
Early online date	19 Oct 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.117363
Publication status	Published - Dec 2023

Keywords

Chain length congener group
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs)
Configurational isomer
Homologue group
PCA congeners
PCA stereoisomer
Polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs)
Sum PCAs

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.trac.2023.117363Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

Fernandes_etal_2023_TrACFinal published version, 1.17 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

Cite this

Fernandes, A. R., Krätschmer, K., McGrath, T. J., Yuan, B., Brandsma, S., Brits, M., Cariou, R., Letcher, R. J., Mueller, J., Muir, D., Vetter, W., Wang, T., Yu, G., & Bergman, Å. (2023). Recommended terms and abbreviations for polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) as the predominant component of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 169, [117363]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.117363

@article{2d96b0cebbe149e0b90d3589e3bbb477,

title = "Recommended terms and abbreviations for polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) as the predominant component of chlorinated paraffins (CPs)",

abstract = "Despite several decades of study, ambiguities persist in terms used to express environmental and biotic occurrences of polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs), the main ingredient of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). This can lead to misinterpretation of data between analytical chemists, toxicologists, risk assessors/managers and regulators. The terms recommended here to harmonise reporting and reduce ambiguity use the conventional definition of PCAs - linear chlorinated alkanes (typically, C≥10) with one chlorine per carbon, although some evidence of multiple chlorination exists. Other recommendations include.● reporting the “Sum of measured PCAs” because “Total PCAs” is currently unquantifiable.● reporting individual chain lengths, e.g., ΣPCAs-C11, ΣPCAs-C13, allows easier comparability and allows toxicology and risk assessment to consider different PCA combinations.● maintain studies on individual PCAs in order to better characterise chemical, environmental and health risk behaviour.The terms could be extended in future to assimilate new findings on individual PCAs, multiple chlorination and chirality.",

keywords = "Chain length congener group, Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), Configurational isomer, Homologue group, PCA congeners, PCA stereoisomer, Polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs), Sum PCAs",

author = "Fernandes, {Alwyn R.} and Kerstin Kr{\"a}tschmer and McGrath, {Thomas J.} and Bo Yuan and Sicco Brandsma and Marthinus Brits and Ronan Cariou and Letcher, {Robert J.} and Jochen Mueller and Derek Muir and Walter Vetter and Thanh Wang and Gang Yu and {\AA}ke Bergman",

year = "2023",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.trac.2023.117363",

language = "English",

volume = "169",

journal = "TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry",

issn = "0165-9936",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

Fernandes, AR, Krätschmer, K, McGrath, TJ, Yuan, B, Brandsma, S, Brits, M, Cariou, R, Letcher, RJ, Mueller, J, Muir, D, Vetter, W, Wang, T, Yu, G & Bergman, Å 2023, 'Recommended terms and abbreviations for polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) as the predominant component of chlorinated paraffins (CPs)', TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, vol. 169, 117363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.117363

TY - JOUR

T1 - Recommended terms and abbreviations for polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) as the predominant component of chlorinated paraffins (CPs)

AU - Fernandes, Alwyn R.

AU - Krätschmer, Kerstin

AU - McGrath, Thomas J.

AU - Yuan, Bo

AU - Brandsma, Sicco

AU - Brits, Marthinus

AU - Cariou, Ronan

AU - Letcher, Robert J.

AU - Mueller, Jochen

AU - Muir, Derek

AU - Vetter, Walter

AU - Wang, Thanh

AU - Yu, Gang

AU - Bergman, Åke

PY - 2023/12

Y1 - 2023/12

N2 - Despite several decades of study, ambiguities persist in terms used to express environmental and biotic occurrences of polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs), the main ingredient of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). This can lead to misinterpretation of data between analytical chemists, toxicologists, risk assessors/managers and regulators. The terms recommended here to harmonise reporting and reduce ambiguity use the conventional definition of PCAs - linear chlorinated alkanes (typically, C≥10) with one chlorine per carbon, although some evidence of multiple chlorination exists. Other recommendations include.● reporting the “Sum of measured PCAs” because “Total PCAs” is currently unquantifiable.● reporting individual chain lengths, e.g., ΣPCAs-C11, ΣPCAs-C13, allows easier comparability and allows toxicology and risk assessment to consider different PCA combinations.● maintain studies on individual PCAs in order to better characterise chemical, environmental and health risk behaviour.The terms could be extended in future to assimilate new findings on individual PCAs, multiple chlorination and chirality.

AB - Despite several decades of study, ambiguities persist in terms used to express environmental and biotic occurrences of polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs), the main ingredient of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). This can lead to misinterpretation of data between analytical chemists, toxicologists, risk assessors/managers and regulators. The terms recommended here to harmonise reporting and reduce ambiguity use the conventional definition of PCAs - linear chlorinated alkanes (typically, C≥10) with one chlorine per carbon, although some evidence of multiple chlorination exists. Other recommendations include.● reporting the “Sum of measured PCAs” because “Total PCAs” is currently unquantifiable.● reporting individual chain lengths, e.g., ΣPCAs-C11, ΣPCAs-C13, allows easier comparability and allows toxicology and risk assessment to consider different PCA combinations.● maintain studies on individual PCAs in order to better characterise chemical, environmental and health risk behaviour.The terms could be extended in future to assimilate new findings on individual PCAs, multiple chlorination and chirality.

KW - Chain length congener group

KW - Chlorinated paraffins (CPs)

KW - Configurational isomer

KW - Homologue group

KW - PCA congeners

KW - PCA stereoisomer

KW - Polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs)

KW - Sum PCAs

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85175153729&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117363

DO - 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117363

M3 - Article

VL - 169

JO - TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

JF - TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

SN - 0165-9936

M1 - 117363

ER -

Recommended terms and abbreviations for polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs) as the predominant component of chlorinated paraffins (CPs)

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Cite this