Redefining adverse and reverse left ventricular remodeling by cardiovascular magnetic resonance following ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and their implications on long-term prognosis

Background: Cut off values for change in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance following ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction have recently been proposed and 4 patterns of LV remodeling were described. We aimed to assess their long-term prognostic significance. Methods: A prospective cohort of unselected patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction with paired acute and 6-month cardiovascular magnetic resonance, with the 5-year composite end point of all-cause death and hospitalization for heart failure was included. The prognosis of the following groups (group 1: reverse LV remodeling [≥12% decrease in LVESV]; group 2: no LV remodeling [changes in LVEDV and LVESV <12%]; group 3: adverse LV remodeling with compensation [≥12% increase in LVEDV only]; and group 4: adverse LV remodeling [≥12% increase in both LVESV and LVEDV]) was compared. Results: Two hundred eighty-five patients were included with a median follow-up was 5.8 years. The composite end point occurred in 9.5% in group 1, 12.3% in group 2, 7.1% in group 3, and 24.2% in group 4. Group 4 had significantly higher cumulative event rates of the composite end point (log-rank test, P=0.03) with the other 3 groups showing similar cumulative event rates (log-rank test, P=0.51). Cox proportional hazard for group 2 (hazard ratio, 1.3 [95% CI, 0.6-3.1], P=0.53) and group 3 (hazard ratio, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.2-2.3], P=0.49) were not significantly different but was significantly higher in group 4 (hazard ratio, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.2-7.1], P=0.015) when compared with group 1. Conclusions: Patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction developing adverse LV remodeling at 6 months, defined as ≥12% increase in both LVESV and LVEDV by cardiovascular magnetic resonance, was associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes than those with adverse LV remodeling with compensation, reverse LV remodeling, and no LV remodeling, with the latter 3 groups having similar outcomes in a cohort of stable reperfused patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02072850.