Reviewing the science on 50 years of conservation: Knowledge production biases and lessons for practice

Neil M. Dawson, Brendan Coolsaet, Aditi Bhardwaj, David Brown, Bosco Lliso, Jacqueline Loos, Laura Mannocci, Adrian Martin, Malena Oliva, Unai Pascual, Pasang Sherpa, Thomas Worsdell

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Abstract

Drawing on 662 studies from 102 countries, we present a systematic review of published empirical studies about site-level biodiversity conservation initiated between 1970 and 2019. Within this sample, we find that knowledge production about the Global South is largely produced by researchers in the Global North, implying a neocolonial power dynamic. We also find evidence of bias in reported ecological outcomes linked to lack of independence in scientific studies, serving to uphold narratives about who should lead conservation. We explore relationships in the sample studies between conservation initiative types, the extent of Indigenous Peoples’ and local communities’ influence in governance, and reported social and ecological outcomes. Findings reveal positive ecological and social outcomes are strongly associated with higher levels of influence of Indigenous Peoples and local communities and their institutions, implying equity in conservation practice should be advanced not only for moral reasons, but because it can enhance conservation effectiveness.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1395–1413
Number of pages19
JournalAMBIO
Volume53
Issue number10
Early online date18 Jul 2024
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2024

Keywords

  • Conservation effectiveness
  • Conservation science
  • Equitable governance
  • Indigenous Peoples and local communities
  • Participation
  • Rights-based conservation

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