Abstract
La carrière de Simon de Montfort, chef de la croisade albigeoise de 1209 à 1218, offre un éclairage rare sur la réponse laïque aux ordonnances et aux critiques cléricales concernant la seigneurie temporelle. Grâce à l’étude de traités scolastiques, de sources narratives et de documents constitutionnels, cet article met en évidence les relations entre Simon et les intellectuels contemporains qui prônent une réforme chrétienne, et leur impact sur ses actions durant la quatrième croisade (1199-1203) et la croisade contre les albigeois. L’attachement de Simon, à travers les cisterciens, aux écoles parisiennes a une grande influence non seulement sur son vœu de croisade, mais aussi sur sa mise en œuvre du pouvoir. Cependant, Simon ignore et contredit également l’enseignement des écoles sur des sujets aussi importants que les mercenaires et l’usure. Cet article démontre ainsi comment les seigneurs croisés peuvent adopter les préceptes de la théologie pratique tels qu’énoncés par les intellectuels de leur temps, tout en dessinant les limites que même les laïcs qui y sont favorables entendent appliquer à leurs politiques «réformées».
The career of Simon of Montfort, leader of the Albigensian Crusade from 1209-1218, offers a rare insight into the lay response to clerical prescriptions and criticisms about temporal lordship. Through an examination of scholastic treatises, narrative sources, and constitutional documents, this paper traces Simon’s connexions with contemporary intellectuals advocating Christian reform and their impact on his actions on the Fourth (1199-1203) and Albigensian Crusades. Simon’s attachment, through the Cistercians, to the Parisian schools had a profound impact not only on his adoption of the crusade vow but also on his implementation of power. However, Simon also ignored and contradicted reform teaching on important subjects such as mercenaries and usury. This paper therefore demonstrates the ways in which crusading barons might engage with the practical theology of contemporary intellectuals, while hinting at the limits of what even sympathetic laymen found practical to implement in their ‘reformed’ regimes.
The career of Simon of Montfort, leader of the Albigensian Crusade from 1209-1218, offers a rare insight into the lay response to clerical prescriptions and criticisms about temporal lordship. Through an examination of scholastic treatises, narrative sources, and constitutional documents, this paper traces Simon’s connexions with contemporary intellectuals advocating Christian reform and their impact on his actions on the Fourth (1199-1203) and Albigensian Crusades. Simon’s attachment, through the Cistercians, to the Parisian schools had a profound impact not only on his adoption of the crusade vow but also on his implementation of power. However, Simon also ignored and contradicted reform teaching on important subjects such as mercenaries and usury. This paper therefore demonstrates the ways in which crusading barons might engage with the practical theology of contemporary intellectuals, while hinting at the limits of what even sympathetic laymen found practical to implement in their ‘reformed’ regimes.
Translated title of the contribution | Simon of Montfort, the Cistercians, and the Schools: The Intellectual Context of a Crusading Baron, 1187-1218 |
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Original language | French |
Pages (from-to) | 269-288 |
Number of pages | 20 |
Journal | Cahiers de civilisation médiévale |
Volume | 61 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2 Oct 2018 |
Keywords
- Simon de Montfort
- cisterciens
- écoles
- croisade albigeoise
- croisé
- réforme
- seigneurie
- seigneurs