Starting flow past an airfoil and its acquired lift in a superfluid

We investigate superfluid flow around an airfoil accelerated to a finite velocity from rest. Using simulations of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation we find striking similarities to viscous flows: from production of starting vortices to convergence of airfoil circulation onto a quantized version of the Kutta-Joukowski circulation. We predict the number of quantized vortices nucleated by a given foil via a phenomenological argument. We further find stall-like behavior governed by airfoil speed, not angle of attack, as in classical flows. Finally we analyze the lift and drag acting on the airfoil.