Stimulation of the calcium-sensing receptor induces relaxations through CGRP and NK1 receptor-mediated pathways in male rat mesenteric arteries

Stimulation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) regulates vascular contractility, but cellular mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study investigated the role of perivascular sensory nerves in CaSR-induced relaxations of male rat mesenteric arteries. In fluorescence studies, colocalisation between synaptophysin, a synaptic vesicle marker, and the CaSR was present in the adventitial layer of arterial segments. Using wire myography, increasing external Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_o) from 1 to 10 mM induced vasorelaxations, previously shown to involve the CaSR, which were inhibited by pretreatment with capsaicin. [Ca²⁺]_o-induced vasorelaxations were partially reduced by the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor blockers, CGRP 8–37 and BIBN 4096, and the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor blocker L733,060. The inhibitory effect of CGRP 8–37 required a functional endothelium whereas the inhibitory action of L733,060 did not. Complete inhibition of [Ca²⁺]_o-induced vasorelaxations occurred when CGRP 8–37 and L733,060 were applied together. [Ca²⁺]_o-induced vasorelaxations in the presence of capsaicin were abolished by the ATP-dependent K⁺ channel (K_ATP) blocker PNU 37883, but unaffected by the endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor L-NAME. We suggest that the CaSR on perivascular sensory nerves mediate relaxations in rat mesenteric arteries via endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms involving CGRP and NK1 receptor-activated NO production and K_ATP channels, respectively.