Synoptic Meteorology: Polar Lows

Polar lows are subsynoptic-scale cyclones that develop poleward of the main polar front over the ocean. Polar lows are the most intense variety of a general classification of polar mesoscale cyclones. They are typically less than 1000 km in scale and last for just 12-48 h, although they can have associated surface wind speeds of over 30 m s^-1 (60 knots). Their scale and brief life cycle make them difficult to observe and forecast, therefore a genuine maritime hazard. Their role in the climate system and their outlook in a changing climate are topics of current research.