Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems and Their Services

Camille Parmesan, Mike D. Morecroft, Yongyut Trisurat, Rita Adrian, Gusti Zakaria Anshari, Almut Arneth, Qingzhu Gao, Patrick Gonzalez, Rebecca Harris, Jeff Price, Nicola Stevens, Gautam Hirak Talukdar, Stavana E. Strutz, David D. Ackerly, Elizabeth Anderson, Philip Boyd, Jörn Birkmann, Vanessa Bremerich, Lluís Brotons, Polly BuotteDonovan Campbell, Edwin Castellanos, Yu-Yun Chen, Guéladio Cissé, Sarah Cooley, Annette Cowie, Meghnath Dhimal, Sami Domisch, Simon Donner, Errol Douwes, Luis E. Escobar, Marta Rivera Ferre, Alexander Flecker, Wendy Foden, Rachael V. Gallagher, Aurora Gaxiola, Adugna Gemeda, Michael Goulding, Kerry-Anne Grey, Elena López Gunn, Susan Harrison, Jeff Hicke, Nathalie Jeanne Marie Hilmi, Gladys Barragan Jason, David A. Keith, Rachel Bezner Kerr, Benjamin M. Kraemer, Simone Langhans, Rodel Lasco, Andrew Latimer, Robert Lempert, Salvador E. Lluch-Cota, Julie Loisel, Brendan Mackey, Paulina Martinetto, Robert Matthews, Timon McPhearson, Mette Mauritzen, Guy Midgley, Erin Mordecai, Francisco Moreira, Aditi Mukherji, Isla Myers-Smith, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Henry Neufeldt, James Pearce-Higgins, Gretta Pecl, Roque Pedace, A. Townsend Peterson, Dieter Piepenburg, Julio C. Postigo, Juan Pulhin, Marie-Fanny Racault, Joacim Rocklöv, Joeri Rogelj, Björn Rost, Marina Romanello, Angela Gallego-Sala, Daniela Schmidt, David Schoeman, Nathalie Seddon, Jan C. Semenza, Michael C. Singer, Pramod Kumar Singh, Jasper Slingsby, Pete Smith, Raman Sukumar, Maria Cristina Tirado, Christopher Trisos, Merritt Turetsky, Beth Turner, Maarten van Aalst, Kenneth Young

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Abstract

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, including their component species and the services they provide to people. Where possible, differences among regions, taxonomic groups and ecosystem types are presented. Adaptation options to reduce risks to ecosystems and people are assessed.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationClimate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
Subtitle of host publicationWorking Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
PublisherCambridge University Press
Chapter2
Pages197-378
ISBN (Electronic)9781009325844
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 29 Jun 2023

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