TY - JOUR
T1 - Triazine probes target ascorbate peroxidases in plants
AU - Morimoto, Kyoko
AU - Cole, Kyle S.
AU - Kourelis, Jiorgos
AU - Witt, Collin H.
AU - Brown, Daniel
AU - Krahn, Daniel
AU - Stegmann, Monika
AU - Kaschani, Farnusch
AU - Kaiser, Markus
AU - Burton, Jonathan
AU - Mohammed, Shabaz
AU - Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Kazuko
AU - Weerapana, Eranthie
AU - van der Hoorn, Renier A. L.
N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Strategic Young Investigator Overseas Visit Program for Enhanced Brain Circulation of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS grant to K.M.), the John Fell Fund (to K.M.), the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator grant 616449 “GreenProteases” to K.M., J.K., and R.H.), the Clarendon Fund (to J.K.), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC grants BB/R017913/1 and BB/S003193/ 1 to R.H.), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH grants 1R01GM117004 and 1R01GM118431-01A1 to E.W.).
PY - 2019/8
Y1 - 2019/8
N2 - Though they are rare in nature, anthropogenic 1,3,5-triazines have been used in herbicides as chemically stable scaffolds. Here, we show that small 1,3,5-triazines selectively target ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha), and other plant species. The alkyne-tagged 2-chloro-4-methyl-1,3,5-triazine probe KSC-3 selectively binds APX enzymes, both in crude extracts and in living cells. KSC-3 blocks APX activity, thereby reducing photosynthetic activity under moderate light stress, even in apx1 mutant plants. This suggests that APX enzymes in addition to APX1 protect the photosystem against reactive oxygen species. Profiling APX1 with KCS-3 revealed that the catabolic products of atrazine (a 1,3,5-triazine herbicide), which are common soil pollutants, also target APX1. Thus, KSC-3 is a powerful chemical probe to study APX enzymes in the plant kingdom.
AB - Though they are rare in nature, anthropogenic 1,3,5-triazines have been used in herbicides as chemically stable scaffolds. Here, we show that small 1,3,5-triazines selectively target ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha), and other plant species. The alkyne-tagged 2-chloro-4-methyl-1,3,5-triazine probe KSC-3 selectively binds APX enzymes, both in crude extracts and in living cells. KSC-3 blocks APX activity, thereby reducing photosynthetic activity under moderate light stress, even in apx1 mutant plants. This suggests that APX enzymes in addition to APX1 protect the photosystem against reactive oxygen species. Profiling APX1 with KCS-3 revealed that the catabolic products of atrazine (a 1,3,5-triazine herbicide), which are common soil pollutants, also target APX1. Thus, KSC-3 is a powerful chemical probe to study APX enzymes in the plant kingdom.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85070848285&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1104/pp.19.00481
DO - 10.1104/pp.19.00481
M3 - Article
C2 - 31138623
AN - SCOPUS:85070848285
SN - 0032-0889
VL - 180
SP - 1848
EP - 1859
JO - Plant Physiology
JF - Plant Physiology
IS - 4
ER -