What Has Been Learned About Converting Climate Hazard Data to Climate Risk Information?

• Understanding climate risks requires consideration of the hazard, vulnerability and exposure. • The understanding and quantification of climate vulnerabilities is central to developing valuable assessments of future risks, with close communication between stakeholders and researchers crucial to achieving this. • Access to existing exposure and vulnerability data is highly frag-mented; a centralised authoritative repository, where such data could be combined with climate data, would widen access and facilitate research. • There is an ongoing need for multiple risk frameworks and tools to address the breadth of climate resilience issues. • The analysis of compound, cascading and systemic risks would benefit from more focus in the context of national scale risk assess-ments.