Widespread pesticide distribution in the European atmosphere questions their degradability in air

Ludovic Mayer; Céline Degrendele; Petr Šenk; Jiři Kohoutek; Petra Přibylová; Petr Kukučka; Lisa Melymuk; Amandine Durand; Sylvain Ravier; Andres Alastuey; Alex R. Baker; Urs Baltensperger; Kathrin Baumann-Stanzer; Tobias Biermann; Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto; Darius Ceburnis; Sébastien Conil; Cédric Couret; Anna Degórska; Evangelia Diapouli; Sabine Eckhardt; Konstantinos Eleftheriadis; Grant L. Forster; Korbinian Freier; François Gheusi; Maria I. Gini; Heidi Hellén; Stephan Henne; Hartmut Herrmann; Adéla Holubová Šmejkalová; Urmas Hõrrak; Christoph Hüglin; Heikki Junninen; Adam Kristensson; Laurent Langrene; Janne Levula; Marie Lothon; Elke Ludewig; Ulla Makkonen; Jana Matejovičová; Nikolaos Mihalopoulos; Veronika Mináriková; Wolfgang Moche; Steffen M. Noe; Noemí Pérez; Tuukka Petäjä; Véronique Pont; Laurent Poulain; Etienne Quivet; Gabriela Ratz; Till Rehm; Stefan Reimann; Ivan Simmons; Jeroen E. Sonke; Mar Sorribas; Ronald Spoor; Daan P.J. Swart; Vasiliki Vasilatou; Henri Wortham; Margarita Yela; Pavlos Zarmpas; Claudia Zellweger Fäsi; Kjetil Tørseth; Paolo Laj; Jana Klánová; Gerhard Lammel

doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c08488

Widespread pesticide distribution in the European atmosphere questions their degradability in air

Ludovic Mayer, Céline Degrendele, Petr Šenk, Jiři Kohoutek, Petra Přibylová, Petr Kukučka, Lisa Melymuk, Amandine Durand, Sylvain Ravier, Andres Alastuey, Alex R. Baker, Urs Baltensperger, Kathrin Baumann-Stanzer, Tobias Biermann, Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto, Darius Ceburnis, Sébastien Conil, Cédric Couret, Anna Degórska, Evangelia DiapouliSabine Eckhardt, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Grant L. Forster, Korbinian Freier, François Gheusi, Maria I. Gini, Heidi Hellén, Stephan Henne, Hartmut Herrmann, Adéla Holubová Šmejkalová, Urmas Hõrrak, Christoph Hüglin, Heikki Junninen, Adam Kristensson, Laurent Langrene, Janne Levula, Marie Lothon, Elke Ludewig, Ulla Makkonen, Jana Matejovičová, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Veronika Mináriková, Wolfgang Moche, Steffen M. Noe, Noemí Pérez, Tuukka Petäjä, Véronique Pont, Laurent Poulain, Etienne Quivet, Gabriela Ratz, Till Rehm, Stefan Reimann, Ivan Simmons, Jeroen E. Sonke, Mar Sorribas, Ronald Spoor, Daan P.J. Swart, Vasiliki Vasilatou, Henri Wortham, Margarita Yela, Pavlos Zarmpas, Claudia Zellweger Fäsi, Kjetil Tørseth, Paolo Laj, Jana Klánová, Gerhard Lammel

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Abstract

Risk assessment of pesticide impacts on remote ecosystems makes use of model-estimated degradation in air. Recent studies suggest these degradation rates to be overestimated, questioning current pesticide regulation. Here, we investigated the concentrations of 76 pesticides in Europe at 29 rural, coastal, mountain, and polar sites during the agricultural application season. Overall, 58 pesticides were observed in the European atmosphere. Low spatial variation of 7 pesticides suggests continental-scale atmospheric dispersal. Based on concentrations in free tropospheric air and at Arctic sites, 22 pesticides were identified to be prone to long-range atmospheric transport, which included 15 substances approved for agricultural use in Europe and 7 banned ones. Comparison between concentrations at remote sites and those found at pesticide source areas suggests long atmospheric lifetimes of atrazine, cyprodinil, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbuthylazine, and thiacloprid. In general, our findings suggest that atmospheric transport and persistence of pesticides have been underestimated and that their risk assessment needs to be improved.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3342-3352
Number of pages	11
Journal	Environmental Science & Technology
Volume	58
Issue number	7
Early online date	7 Feb 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c08488
Publication status	Published - 20 Feb 2024

Keywords

atmosphere
degradation
pesticides
risk assessment
transport

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Mayer_etal_2024_EnvSciTechFinal published version, 3.32 MBLicence: CC BY

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Mayer, L., Degrendele, C., Šenk, P., Kohoutek, J., Přibylová, P., Kukučka, P., Melymuk, L., Durand, A., Ravier, S., Alastuey, A., Baker, A. R., Baltensperger, U., Baumann-Stanzer, K., Biermann, T., Bohlin-Nizzetto, P., Ceburnis, D., Conil, S., Couret, C., Degórska, A., ... Lammel, G. (2024). Widespread pesticide distribution in the European atmosphere questions their degradability in air. Environmental Science & Technology, 58(7), 3342-3352. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c08488

@article{270d53db77de4653958891bfa947773f,

title = "Widespread pesticide distribution in the European atmosphere questions their degradability in air",

abstract = "Risk assessment of pesticide impacts on remote ecosystems makes use of model-estimated degradation in air. Recent studies suggest these degradation rates to be overestimated, questioning current pesticide regulation. Here, we investigated the concentrations of 76 pesticides in Europe at 29 rural, coastal, mountain, and polar sites during the agricultural application season. Overall, 58 pesticides were observed in the European atmosphere. Low spatial variation of 7 pesticides suggests continental-scale atmospheric dispersal. Based on concentrations in free tropospheric air and at Arctic sites, 22 pesticides were identified to be prone to long-range atmospheric transport, which included 15 substances approved for agricultural use in Europe and 7 banned ones. Comparison between concentrations at remote sites and those found at pesticide source areas suggests long atmospheric lifetimes of atrazine, cyprodinil, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbuthylazine, and thiacloprid. In general, our findings suggest that atmospheric transport and persistence of pesticides have been underestimated and that their risk assessment needs to be improved.",

keywords = "atmosphere, degradation, pesticides, risk assessment, transport",

author = "Ludovic Mayer and C{\'e}line Degrendele and Petr {\v S}enk and Ji{\v r}i Kohoutek and Petra P{\v r}ibylov{\'a} and Petr Kuku{\v c}ka and Lisa Melymuk and Amandine Durand and Sylvain Ravier and Andres Alastuey and Baker, {Alex R.} and Urs Baltensperger and Kathrin Baumann-Stanzer and Tobias Biermann and Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto and Darius Ceburnis and S{\'e}bastien Conil and C{\'e}dric Couret and Anna Deg{\'o}rska and Evangelia Diapouli and Sabine Eckhardt and Konstantinos Eleftheriadis and Forster, {Grant L.} and Korbinian Freier and Fran{\c c}ois Gheusi and Gini, {Maria I.} and Heidi Hell{\'e}n and Stephan Henne and Hartmut Herrmann and {Holubov{\'a} {\v S}mejkalov{\'a}}, Ad{\'e}la and Urmas H{\~o}rrak and Christoph H{\"u}glin and Heikki Junninen and Adam Kristensson and Laurent Langrene and Janne Levula and Marie Lothon and Elke Ludewig and Ulla Makkonen and Jana Matejovi{\v c}ov{\'a} and Nikolaos Mihalopoulos and Veronika Min{\'a}rikov{\'a} and Wolfgang Moche and Noe, {Steffen M.} and Noem{\'i} P{\'e}rez and Tuukka Pet{\"a}j{\"a} and V{\'e}ronique Pont and Laurent Poulain and Etienne Quivet and Gabriela Ratz and Till Rehm and Stefan Reimann and Ivan Simmons and Sonke, {Jeroen E.} and Mar Sorribas and Ronald Spoor and Swart, {Daan P.J.} and Vasiliki Vasilatou and Henri Wortham and Margarita Yela and Pavlos Zarmpas and {Zellweger F{\"a}si}, Claudia and Kjetil T{\o}rseth and Paolo Laj and Jana Kl{\'a}nov{\'a} and Gerhard Lammel",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (857560); the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports through RECETOX Research Infrastructure (LM2023069), ACTRIS-CZ RI (LM2023030) and CETOCOEN EXCELLENCE (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_043/0009632); the Brno City Municipality and the South Moravian Centre for International Mobility (JCMM, fellowship award to L.M.); the Czech Science Foundation (20–07117S); the Estonian Research Council (PRG714, PRG1674); the General Secretariat of Research and Innovation of the Greek Ministry of Development and Investments, Public Investment Program, through the National Network on Climate Change and Its Impacts; the Norwegian Fram Center (CLEAN-FRAM) and COPE (NFR #28114); and the Swedish Research Council (ACTRIS_SE RI 2021–00177). This publication reflects only the author{\textquoteright}s view and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. ",

year = "2024",

month = feb,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1021/acs.est.3c08488",

language = "English",

volume = "58",

pages = "3342--3352",

journal = "Environmental Science & Technology",

issn = "0013-936X",

publisher = "American Chemical Society",

number = "7",

}

Mayer, L, Degrendele, C, Šenk, P, Kohoutek, J, Přibylová, P, Kukučka, P, Melymuk, L, Durand, A, Ravier, S, Alastuey, A, Baker, AR, Baltensperger, U, Baumann-Stanzer, K, Biermann, T, Bohlin-Nizzetto, P, Ceburnis, D, Conil, S, Couret, C, Degórska, A, Diapouli, E, Eckhardt, S, Eleftheriadis, K, Forster, GL, Freier, K, Gheusi, F, Gini, MI, Hellén, H, Henne, S, Herrmann, H, Holubová Šmejkalová, A, Hõrrak, U, Hüglin, C, Junninen, H, Kristensson, A, Langrene, L, Levula, J, Lothon, M, Ludewig, E, Makkonen, U, Matejovičová, J, Mihalopoulos, N, Mináriková, V, Moche, W, Noe, SM, Pérez, N, Petäjä, T, Pont, V, Poulain, L, Quivet, E, Ratz, G, Rehm, T, Reimann, S, Simmons, I, Sonke, JE, Sorribas, M, Spoor, R, Swart, DPJ, Vasilatou, V, Wortham, H, Yela, M, Zarmpas, P, Zellweger Fäsi, C, Tørseth, K, Laj, P, Klánová, J & Lammel, G 2024, 'Widespread pesticide distribution in the European atmosphere questions their degradability in air', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 3342-3352. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c08488

TY - JOUR

T1 - Widespread pesticide distribution in the European atmosphere questions their degradability in air

AU - Mayer, Ludovic

AU - Degrendele, Céline

AU - Šenk, Petr

AU - Kohoutek, Jiři

AU - Přibylová, Petra

AU - Kukučka, Petr

AU - Melymuk, Lisa

AU - Durand, Amandine

AU - Ravier, Sylvain

AU - Alastuey, Andres

AU - Baker, Alex R.

AU - Baltensperger, Urs

AU - Baumann-Stanzer, Kathrin

AU - Biermann, Tobias

AU - Bohlin-Nizzetto, Pernilla

AU - Ceburnis, Darius

AU - Conil, Sébastien

AU - Couret, Cédric

AU - Degórska, Anna

AU - Diapouli, Evangelia

AU - Eckhardt, Sabine

AU - Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos

AU - Forster, Grant L.

AU - Freier, Korbinian

AU - Gheusi, François

AU - Gini, Maria I.

AU - Hellén, Heidi

AU - Henne, Stephan

AU - Herrmann, Hartmut

AU - Holubová Šmejkalová, Adéla

AU - Hõrrak, Urmas

AU - Hüglin, Christoph

AU - Junninen, Heikki

AU - Kristensson, Adam

AU - Langrene, Laurent

AU - Levula, Janne

AU - Lothon, Marie

AU - Ludewig, Elke

AU - Makkonen, Ulla

AU - Matejovičová, Jana

AU - Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos

AU - Mináriková, Veronika

AU - Moche, Wolfgang

AU - Noe, Steffen M.

AU - Pérez, Noemí

AU - Petäjä, Tuukka

AU - Pont, Véronique

AU - Poulain, Laurent

AU - Quivet, Etienne

AU - Ratz, Gabriela

AU - Rehm, Till

AU - Reimann, Stefan

AU - Simmons, Ivan

AU - Sonke, Jeroen E.

AU - Sorribas, Mar

AU - Spoor, Ronald

AU - Swart, Daan P.J.

AU - Vasilatou, Vasiliki

AU - Wortham, Henri

AU - Yela, Margarita

AU - Zarmpas, Pavlos

AU - Zellweger Fäsi, Claudia

AU - Tørseth, Kjetil

AU - Laj, Paolo

AU - Klánová, Jana

AU - Lammel, Gerhard

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (857560); the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports through RECETOX Research Infrastructure (LM2023069), ACTRIS-CZ RI (LM2023030) and CETOCOEN EXCELLENCE (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_043/0009632); the Brno City Municipality and the South Moravian Centre for International Mobility (JCMM, fellowship award to L.M.); the Czech Science Foundation (20–07117S); the Estonian Research Council (PRG714, PRG1674); the General Secretariat of Research and Innovation of the Greek Ministry of Development and Investments, Public Investment Program, through the National Network on Climate Change and Its Impacts; the Norwegian Fram Center (CLEAN-FRAM) and COPE (NFR #28114); and the Swedish Research Council (ACTRIS_SE RI 2021–00177). This publication reflects only the author’s view and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

PY - 2024/2/20

Y1 - 2024/2/20

N2 - Risk assessment of pesticide impacts on remote ecosystems makes use of model-estimated degradation in air. Recent studies suggest these degradation rates to be overestimated, questioning current pesticide regulation. Here, we investigated the concentrations of 76 pesticides in Europe at 29 rural, coastal, mountain, and polar sites during the agricultural application season. Overall, 58 pesticides were observed in the European atmosphere. Low spatial variation of 7 pesticides suggests continental-scale atmospheric dispersal. Based on concentrations in free tropospheric air and at Arctic sites, 22 pesticides were identified to be prone to long-range atmospheric transport, which included 15 substances approved for agricultural use in Europe and 7 banned ones. Comparison between concentrations at remote sites and those found at pesticide source areas suggests long atmospheric lifetimes of atrazine, cyprodinil, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbuthylazine, and thiacloprid. In general, our findings suggest that atmospheric transport and persistence of pesticides have been underestimated and that their risk assessment needs to be improved.

AB - Risk assessment of pesticide impacts on remote ecosystems makes use of model-estimated degradation in air. Recent studies suggest these degradation rates to be overestimated, questioning current pesticide regulation. Here, we investigated the concentrations of 76 pesticides in Europe at 29 rural, coastal, mountain, and polar sites during the agricultural application season. Overall, 58 pesticides were observed in the European atmosphere. Low spatial variation of 7 pesticides suggests continental-scale atmospheric dispersal. Based on concentrations in free tropospheric air and at Arctic sites, 22 pesticides were identified to be prone to long-range atmospheric transport, which included 15 substances approved for agricultural use in Europe and 7 banned ones. Comparison between concentrations at remote sites and those found at pesticide source areas suggests long atmospheric lifetimes of atrazine, cyprodinil, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbuthylazine, and thiacloprid. In general, our findings suggest that atmospheric transport and persistence of pesticides have been underestimated and that their risk assessment needs to be improved.

KW - atmosphere

KW - degradation

KW - pesticides

KW - risk assessment

KW - transport

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85187303663&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.3c08488

DO - 10.1021/acs.est.3c08488

M3 - Article

C2 - 38323876

AN - SCOPUS:85187303663

VL - 58

SP - 3342

EP - 3352

JO - Environmental Science & Technology

JF - Environmental Science & Technology

SN - 0013-936X

IS - 7

ER -

Widespread pesticide distribution in the European atmosphere questions their degradability in air

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